@digital4better/data NPM

Digital4Better Open Data

This repository contains the geographic and environmental data used by Digital4Better to calculate the footprints of digital services.

This data is also used by the calculation engine of fruggr (www.fruggr.io), a service that automates the evaluation of the footprints of digital services.

Each file is produced/generated in CSV and JSON format.

Country data (country)

Geographical regions (regions.csv)

This data is used to generate administrative data and to compute distances between regions.

Field	Description
name	Country name
alpha-2	ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code
alpha-3	ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code
continent	Region continent
subdivision	ISO 3166-2 country subdivision
type	continent, country or subdivision
area	Area
lat	Latitude
lon	Longitude

Administrative data (countries.csv)

This data is used to map data and to distribute impact factors (see Impact factors) by continent.

Field	Description
name	Country name
alpha-2	ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code
alpha-3	ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code
continent	Country continent

Distances from country to country (country-to-country-distances)

This data can be used to determine the distance traveled by data on the network between a user and a datacenter located in different countries.

The distance is calculated between the baricenters in each country.

Field	Description
origin	Origin country
destination	Destination country
distance	Distance (km)

Distances from region to region (region-to-region-distances)

This data can be used to determine the distance traveled by data on the network between a user and a datacenter located in different countries or country subdivisions.

The distance is calculated between the baricenters in each country / subdivision.

Field	Description
origin	Origin country / subdivision
destination	Destination country / subdivision
distance	Distance (km)

Average distance from a user to a datacenter (user-to-datacenter-distances.csv)

These data represent a rough estimate for each country of the average distance traveled by data on a network between a user and a datacenter.

Field	Description
alpha-2	ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code
distance	Distance (km)

Impacts of ICT equipment manufacturing (embodied)

The environmental impacts associated with the manufacture of each of these equipment categories : mobile, desktop, network mobile, network fixed, vm small, vm medium, vm large.

Environmental impact (equipment-impacts)

Impact	Unit	Description
ADPe	kg Sb-Eq	Abiotic Depletion Potential (Resource use, minerals and metals)
AP	kg SO2-Eq	Acidification Power
CTUe	CTUe	Comparative Toxic Unit (Ecotoxicity, freshwater)
CTUh-c	CTUh	Comparative Toxic Unit (Human, cancer)
CTUh-nc	CTUh	Comparative Toxic Unit (Human, non-cancer)
GWP	kg CO2-Eq	Global Warming Potential (Climate change)
IR	kg U235-Eq	Ionising Radiation (human health)
PM	Disease	Particulate Matter emission
WU	m3 Water	Water use

Impacts of energy production (energy)

The environmental impacts associated with each of these energy production technologies: coal, gas, other fossil fuels, wind, solar, bioenergy, hydropower, other renewables, nuclear.

Environmental impact (energy-impacts)

Impact	Unit	Description
ADPe	kg Sb-Eq	Abiotic Depletion Potential (Resource use, minerals and metals)
AP	kg SO2-Eq	Acidification Power
CTUe	CTUe	Comparative Toxic Unit (Ecotoxicity, freshwater)
CTUh-c	CTUh	Comparative Toxic Unit (Human, cancer)
CTUh-nc	CTUh	Comparative Toxic Unit (Human, non-cancer)
GWP	kg CO2-Eq	Global Warming Potential (Climate change)
IR	kg U235-Eq	Ionising Radiation (human health)
PM	Disease	Particulate Matter emission
WU	m3 Water	Water use

Source

The impact data for each electricity generation technology per kWh come from various bibliographical sources. Due to the scarcity of such data in a global scope, an extrapolation is made and these values are generalized in our model.

Source : Life cycle assessment of electricity generation options, UNECE 2021 (1) et https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890422008159#b0530 (2)

Impact factors (factor)

These data represent the environmental impact factors of one kWh of electricity consumption (not production) in each country, continent or worldwide. The amount of energy imported by each country is taken into account to adjust these factors.

Data generation

Impact factors are determined by country according to the national energy mix, as well as the environmental impacts associated with each of energy production sources (see Environmental impacts).

Factors are generated on an annual and monthly basis starting in January 2019.

Files ending with the suffix -green contain impact factors for green energies only (bioenergy, hydro, solar and wind).

Source

Our energy mix data for all countries are taken from https://ember-climate.org/.

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