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Bridgewater and Kydesmith described a cubic fracture pattern that they observed in window glass after a thermally induced fracture. They noted that the fracture extended vertically from the origin under conditions of constant load growth, i.e., constant load f b during crack extension. Once formed, the branch propagated under conditions of constant load growth, i.e., constant fracture growth rate. The branch propagated vertically away from its origin under conditions of constant load growth (Fig. 15 ). They further suggested that thermally induced fracture would be most likely to form and propagate a branching pattern in glass because, with an increasing crack growth rate with decreasing temperature, the fracture would be formed before the yield stress is reached. They noted that thermally induced fracture did not propagate the glass fracture or bifurcation patterns that had been commonly observed in soda-lime-silicate glass.

The application of dynamic analysis to crack growth and brittle fracture of glass has lead to dynamic fracture conditions and dynamic plastic behavior that are consistent with those obtained using conventional methods. This consistency has enabled scientists to extend and refine the understanding of the initiation and development of brittle fracture. Those investigations have also lead to novel fracture modes which were not previously appreciated.

As previously noted, the all inclusive energy balance for glass fracture is a challenge. The glass fracture can be viewed as three distinct dynamic processes: (i) a crack generation event, (ii) a crack growth and extension event, and (iii) the fracture growth and coalescence of the fracture surfaces. The crack generation process is a thermal ignition event for glass fracture. There are several possible mechanisms for glass crack generation. Thermal ignition is one of them and is explored by Sullivan and Giles. The crack length that is required for thermal crack generation is subject to considerable controversy, but may be as small as 0.5 mm for soda-lime-silicate glass. However, the crack length that is required for thermal crack generation is dependent upon the thermal history of the glass. Thus, a glass portion of insufficient length is susceptible to thermal crack generation. Fortunately, the crack length that is required for thermal crack generation is much smaller than the crack length that is often observed for glass fracture. 84d34552a1