lazy-infinite v0.5.0

lazy-infinite

A Fantasy Land Compliant, Lazily Evaluated Infinite List Data Structure.

lazy-infinite uses generators to define a potentially infinite data structure, and allows you to describe transforming the elements in that structure without evaluating it.

Installation

npm i lazy-infinite

Usage

const Infinite = require('lazy-infinite');

// Create a representation of an infinite structure
const naturalNumbers = Infinite.generator(function*() {
  let x = 0;
  while (true) yield x++;
});

// Transform to yield new infinite structures
const primes = naturalNumbers
  .filterDependent((x, list) => {
    if (!(x > 1 && (x % 2 === 1 || x === 2))) return false;
    for (let i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
      const y = list[i];
      if (y > x / 2) break;
      if (x % y === 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
  });

// Concretely evaluate only what is required
const first1000Primes = primes.take(1000);
// -> [ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, ...

API

take

take :: Infinite a ~> Integer -> [a]

take receives an argument n, and returns a concrete list with n elements.

Example

naturalNumbers.take(5);
// -> [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

takeContinuous

takeContinuous :: Infinite a ~> Integer -> [[a], Infinite a]

takeContinuous is just like take, but it returns an array of two items: the concrete list and a new Infinite that produces elements where the previous one left off.

Example

let [concrete, nextPrimes] = primes.takeContinuous(5);
console.log(concrete);
// -> [ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ]

[concrete, nextPrimes] = nextPrimes.takeContinuous(5);
console.log(concrete);
// -> [ 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 ]

nth

nth :: Infinite a ~> Integer -> a

nth takes an argument n and returns the nth element of the concretely evaluated list.

Example

primes.nth(5);
// -> 11

drop

drop :: Infinite a ~> Integer -> Infinite a

drop takes a number n and returns a new Infinite with the first n elements removed.

Example

naturalNumbers
  .drop(5)
  .take(5);
// -> [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

map

map :: Infinite a ~> (a -> b) -> Infinite b

map takes a function and applies it to every element in the list.

Example

naturalNumbers
  .map(x => -x)
  .take(5);
// -> [ -0, -1, -2, -3, -4 ]

flatMap

flatMap :: Infinite a ~> (a -> [b]) -> Infinite b

flatMap runs a function on every element of the list and concatenates the results.

Example

naturalNumbers
  .flatMap(x => naturalNumbers.take(x))
  .take(10);
// -> [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

mapIndexed

mapIndexed :: Infinite a ~> (a -> Int -> b) -> Infinite b

mapIndexed is just like map, except the function it is passed receives an index as it's second argument.

Example

primes
  .mapIndexed((x, i) => `Prime #${i}: ${x}`)
  .take(5);
// -> [
//      'Prime #0: 2',
//      'Prime #1: 3',
//      'Prime #2: 5',
//      'Prime #3: 7',
//      'Prime #4: 9'
//    ]

filter

filter :: Infinite a ~> (a -> Bool) -> Infinite a

filter takes a function, and drops any elements from the infinite list that return false when this function is applied.

Example

naturalNumbers
  .filter(x => x % 2 === 0)
  .take(5);
// -> [ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ]

filterIndexed

filterIndexed :: Infinite a ~> (a -> Int -> b) -> Infinite b

filterIndexed is just like filter, except the function it is passed receives an index as it's second argument.

Example

primes
  .filterIndexed((x, i) => i % 2 === 0)
  .take(5)
// -> [ 2, 5, 9, 13, 19 ]

filterDependent

filterDependent :: Infinite a ~> (a -> [a] -> Bool) -> Infinite a

filterDependent is just like filter, except that the function it is passed receives the list of items before it as the second argument.

Example

naturalNumbers
  .filterDependent((x, list) => x !== list.length)
  .take(5);
// -> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

zip

zip :: Infinite a ~> Infinite b -> Infinite [a, b]

zip takes another Infinite, and returns a new Infinite whose elements are an array with the original value and a corresponding value from the other infinte.

This can be used to create custom indexing.

Example

const fibonacci = Infinite.generator(function* () {
  let a = 0;
  let b = 1;
  while (true) {
    yield b;
    const tmp = b;
    b += a;
    a = tmp;
  }
});

primes
  .zip(fibonacci)
  .take(5);
// -> [ [2, 1], [3, 1], [5, 2], [7, 3], [9, 5] ]

intersperse

intersperse :: Infinite a ~> Infinite b -> Infinite a|b

intersperse takes another Infinite, and returns a new Infinite whose elements alternate between the first and second Infnites.

Example

const fibonacci = Infinite.generator(function* () {
  let a = 0;
  let b = 1;
  while (true) {
    yield b;
    const tmp = b;
    b += a;
    a = tmp;
  }
});

primes
  .intersperse(fibonacci)
  .take(5);
// -> [ 2, 1, 3, 1, 5 ]

toGenerator

toGenerator :: Infinite a ~> () -> Generator a

toGenerator returns a generator function that represents this Infinites computation.

Example

const primeGeneratorFn = primes.toGenerator();

const primeGen = primeGeneratorFn();
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 2, done: false }
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 3, done: false }
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 5, done: false }

Infinite.generator

Infinite.generator :: Generator a -> Infinite a

Infinite.generator takes a potentially infinite generator function and returns an Infinite list.

Example

const odds = Infinite.generator(function*() {
  let x = 1;
  while (true) {
    yield x;
    x += 2;
  }
});

Infinite.toGenerator

Infinite.toGenerator :: Infinite a -> Generator a

Infinite.toGenerator takes an Infinite list and returns a generator function that represents it's computation.

Example

const primeGeneratorFn = Infinite.toGenerator(primes);

const primeGen = primeGeneratorFn();
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 2, done: false }
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 3, done: false }
primeGen.next();
// -> { value: 5, done: false }

Infinite.from

Infinite.from :: (a -> a) -> a -> Infinite a

Infinite.from takes next value function and a start value, and returns an Infinite with an automatically constructed iterator.

Example

const odds = Infinite.from(x => x + 2, 1);

Infinite.fromIterable

Infinite.fromIterable :: Iterable a -> Infinite a

Infinite.fromIterable takes anything conforming to the Iterable interface and returns an Infinite.

Example

Infinite.fromIterable([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]).take(5)
// -> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

Fantasy Land

Supports*: Functor and Filterable.

*Since a truly valid of static method cannot be written for Infinite it does not properly conform to either interface