Molecule-javascript NPM

Molecule-JavaScript

npm

Quick Start

There's a template project for quick start to use molecule-javascript.

It shows the most general way of using molecule-javascript in Browsers and Node.js with real-world demos.

Start

Use in Node.js

import Molecule from 'molecule-javascript'

const normalizedSchema = {
  name: 'Bytes',
  type: 'fixvec',
  item: {
    type: 'byte',
  },
}
const data = ['0x01', '0x02']
const molecule = new Molecule(normalizedSchema)
const serialized = molecule.serialize(data) // expect to be "0x020000000102"
const parsed = molecule.deserialize('0x020000000102') // expect to be ["0x01", "0x02"]

Use in Browsers

const normalizedSchema = {
  name: 'Bytes',
  type: 'fixvec',
  item: {
    type: 'byte',
  },
}
const data = ['0x01', '0x02']
const molecule = new MoleculeJavaScript.Molecule(normalizedSchema) // The package is exposed as globalThis.MoleculeJavaScript
const serialized = molecule.serialize(data) // expect to be "0x020000000102"
const parsed = molecule.deserialize('0x020000000102') // expect to be ["0x01", "0x02"]

Normalize Schema

Usually the schema will be defined with intermediate types in Molefile, e.g.

vector Word <byte>;
vector Words <Word>;

There're two steps to normalize it.

1. Use `Moleculec` to transform Molefile into JSON file, which is valid in JavaScript

This step requires rust

$ cargo install moleculec
$ moleculec --language - --format json --schema-file ./types.mol > ./types.json

By the opeartion above, a new file named types.json will be generated with following content:

{
  "namespace": "types",
  "imports": [],
  "declarations": [
    {
      "type": "fixvec",
      "name": "Word",
      "item": "byte"
    },
    {
      "type": "dynvec",
      "name": "Words",
      "item": "Word"
    }
  ]
}

2. Normalize intermediate types with native types

$ npx moleculec-js -ns ./types.json > normalized-types.json

Then the normalized-types.json is generated as follows

{
  "namespace": "types",
  "declarations": [
    {
      "type": "fixvec",
      "name": "Word",
      "item": {
        "type": "byte"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "dynvec",
      "name": "Words",
      "item": {
        "type": "fixvec",
        "item": {
          "type": "byte"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Shortcut for Node.js

The following three commands are equivalent.

moleculec-js ./schema.json molecules.js
# or
moleculec-js '{"namespace": "bytes", "declarations": [ { "name": "Bytes", "type": "fixvec","item": "byte" } ]}' molecules.js
# or used with moleculec
moleculec --language - --format json --schema-file ./schema.mol | moleculec-js > molecules.js

And molecule.js will be generated as

const { Molecule } = require('molecule-javascript')
const { Schema } = require('molecule-javascript/lib/schema')
/**
 * moleculec-js ./schema.json molecules.js will use the file path directly
 * const normalizedSchema = new Schema('./schema.json').getNormalizedSchema()
 */
const normalizedSchema = new Schema({
  namespace: 'types',
  imports: [],
  declarations: [
    {
      type: 'fixvec',
      name: 'Bytes',
      item: 'byte',
    },
  ],
}).getNormalizedSchema()
const molecules = {}
normalizedSchema.declarations.forEach(declaration => {
  molecules[declaration.name] = new Molecule(declaration)
})
module.exports = { normalizedSchema, molecules }

For Those Who Want More Info on Molecule

Molecule is a canonicalization and zero-copy serialization format.

Summary

Fixed Size or Dynamic Size

Type	byte	array	struct	vector	table	option	union
Size	Fixed	Fixed	Fixed	Dynamic	Dynamic	Dynamic	Dynamic

Memory Layout

|  Type  |                      Header                      |               Body                |
|--------+--------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------|
| array  |                                                  |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N |
| struct |                                                  | field-0 | field-1 | ... | field-N |
| fixvec | items-count                                      |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N |
| dynvec | full-size | offset-0 | offset-1 | ... | offset-N |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N |
| table  | full-size | offset-0 | offset-1 | ... | offset-N | filed-0 | field-1 | ... | field-N |
| option |                                                  | item or none (zero bytes)         |
| union  | item-type-id                                     | item                              |

Primitive Type

byte: the byte is a byte
- Example: 00 is a byte

Composite Types

array: The array is a fixed-size type, it has a fixed_size inner type and a fixed length. The size of an array is the size of inner type times the length.
```
|  Type  |  Header  |               Body                |             Size             |
|--------+----------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------|
| array  |          |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N | size-of-innner-type * length |
```
- To serialize an array only need to serialize all items in it. There's no overhead to serialize an array, which stores all items consecutively without extra spaces between two adjacent items.
- Examples:
  - array Byte3 [byte; 3] stores 01 02 03 and is serialized as 01 02 03
  - array Uint32 [byte; 4] stores a 32-bit unsigned interger 0x 01 02 03 04 in little-endian, and is serialized as 04 03 02 01
  - array TwoUint32 [Uint32; 2] stores two 32-bit unsinged integers 0x 01 02 03 04, 0x 0a bc de in little-endian, and is serialized as 04 03 02 01 de bc 0a 00
struct: The struct is a fixed-size type, all fields in struct are fixed-size and it has a fixed-size quantity of fields.. The size of a struct is the sum of all fields' size.
```
|  Type  |  Header  |               Body                |        Size         |
|--------+----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------|
| struct |          | field-0 | field-1 | ... | field-N | Sum of fields' size |
```
- To serialize a struct only need to serialize all fields of it. Fields in a struct are stored in the order they are declared. There's no overhead to serialize a struct, which stores all fields consecutively without extra spaces between two adjacent items.
- Examples:
  - struct OnlyAByte { f1: byte } stores a byte ab and is serialized as ab
  - struct ByteAndUint32 { f1: byte, f2: Uint32 } stores { f1: 'ab', f2: '0x010203' }(uint32 into little-endian) and is serialized as ab 03 02 01 00
vector: There are two kinds of vectors: fixed-vector, we call it fixvec, and dynamic-vector, we call it dynvec.
Whether a vector is fiexed or dynamic depends on the type of its inner item: if the inner item is a fixed-size, then the vector is a fixvec; otherwise it's a dynvec
But both of them are dynamic-size
- fixvec: fixed vector
```
|  Type  |   Header    |               Body                |                Size                |
|--------+-------------+-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| fixvec | items-count |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N | 32 bits + inner-type-size * length |
```
  - There're two steps to serialize a fixvec:
    - Serialize the length as a uint32 in little-endian
    - Serialize the items
  - Examples:
    - vector Bytes <byte>
      - the serialized bytes of an empty bytes is 00 00 00 00 |(the length of any empty fixed-vector is 0)
      - the serialized bytes of 0x12 is 01 00 00 00 | 12
      - the serialzied bytes of 0x1234567890abcdef is 08 00 00 00 | 12 34 56 78 90 ab cd ef
    - vector Uint32Vec <Uint32>
      - the serialized bytes of empty Uint32Vec is 00 00 00 00 |
      - the serialized bytes of 0x123(or [0x123]) is 01 00 00 00 | 23 01 00 00
      - the serialized bytes of [0x123 0x456, 0x7890, 0xa, 0xbc, 0xdef] is 06 00 00 00 | 23 01 00 00 | 56 04 00 00 | 90 78 00 00 | 0a 00 00 00 | bc 00 00 00 | ef 0d 00 00
- dynvec: dynamic vector
```
|  Type  |   Header                                         |               Body                |                         Size                        |
|--------+--------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| fixvec | full-size | offset-0 | offset-1 | ... | offset-N |  item-0 |  item-1 | ... |  item-N | 32 bits + 32 bits * item count + sum of items' size |
```
  - There're three steps to serialize a dynvec
    - Serialize the full size in bytes as a 32-bit unsigned interger in little-endian
    - Serialize all offsets of items as 32-bit unsigned integer in little-endian
    - Serialize all items
  - Examples:
    - vector BytesVec <Bytes>(Bytes is fixvec <byte>)
      - the serizlied bytes of an empty BytesVec is 04 00 00 00 |
      - the serialied bytes of [0x1234] is 0e 00 00 00 | 08 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 12 34, where full size is 14, offset is 8, item list is 020000001234.
      - the serialized bytes of [0x1234, 0x, 0x567, 0x89, 0xabcdef] is
        full size: 34 00 00 00 // 4 + 4 * 5 items + 28 items size offsets : 18 00 00 00 1e 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 2d 00 00 00 items : 02 00 00 00 | 12 34 00 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 | 05 67 01 00 00 00 | 89 03 00 00 00 | ab cd ef
- table: the table is a dynamic-size type, and can be considered as a dynvec but the length is fixed.
```
|  Type  |                      Header                      |               Body                |                         Size                        |
|--------+--------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| table  | full-size | offset-0 | offset-1 | ... | offset-N | filed-0 | field-1 | ... | field-N | 32 bits + 32 bits * item count + sum of items' size |
```
  - The steps of serialization of table are same as dynvec:
    - Serialize the full size in bytes as 32-bit unsigned integer in little-endian
    - Serialize all offsets of fields as 32-bit unsigned integer in little-endian
    - Serialize all fields of the table in the order as they are declared
  - Examples
```
# table
{
  f1: Bytes(0x),
  f2: byte(0xab),
  f3: uint32(0x123),
  f4: Byte3(0x456789),
  f5: Bytes(0xabcdef),
}

full size: 2b 00 00 00 // 4 + 4 * 5 items + (4 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 7)
offsets  :
           18 00 00 00
           1c 00 00 00
           1d 00 00 00
           21 00 00 00
           24 00 00 00
items    :
           00 00 00 00
           ab
           23 01 00 00
           45 67 89
           03 00 00 00 | ab cd ef
```
- option: The option is a dynamic-size type.
  - To serialize an option depends on whether it is empty or not:
    - If it's empty, there'is zero bytes
    - If it's not empty, just serialize the inner item(the size is the same as it's inner item's)
  - Examples:
    - The serialized bytes of Option is (empty)
    - The serialized bytes of Some([]) is 04 00 00 00
    - The serialized bytes of Some([0x]) is
```
full size: 0c 00 00 00
offsets  : 08 00 00 00
items    : 00 00 00 00 |
```
- union: The union is a dynamic-size type.
  - Serialization of a union type has two steps:
    - Serialize a item type id in bytes as a 32-bit unsigned integer in little-endian. The item type id is the index of the inner items, starting from 0.
    - Serialize the inner item.
  - Examples: Suppose the type of the union is
```
{
  Bytes3,
  Bytes,
  BytesVec,
  BytesVecOpt,
}
```
    - The serialized bytes of Byte3(0x123456) is 00 00 00 00 | 12 34 56
    - The serialized bytes of Bytes(0x) is 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00
    - The serialized bytes of Bytes(0x123) is 01 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 | 01 23
    - The serialized bytes of BytesVec([]) is 02 00 00 00 | 04 00 00 00
    - The serialized bytes of BytesVec([0x]) is 02 00 00 00 | 0c 00 00 00 | 08 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00
    - The serialized bytes of BytesVec([0x123]) is 02 00 00 00 | 0e 00 00 00 | 08 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 | 01 12
    - The serialized bytes of BytesVec([0x123, 0x456]) is 02 00 00 00 | 18 00 00 00 | 0c 00 00 00 | 12 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 | 01 23 | 02 00 00 00 | 04 56

Schema to JSON

foo/types.mol

// Schema
array Word [byte; 2]

struct Struct1 {
  f1: Word,
  f2: byte,
}

bar/types.mol

import ../foo/types;
vector Bytes <byte>
vector BytesVec <Bytes>
option ByteOpt (byte)

table Table1 {
  f1: Bytes,
  f2: byte,
  f3: ByteOpt,
}

union UnionA {
  Bytes,
  Struct1,
  byte,
  Table1,
}

intermediate for bar/types.mol

// JSON
{
  "namespace": "types",
  "imports": [
    {
      "name": "types",
      "paths": ["foo"],
      "path_supers": 1
    }
  ],
  "declarations": [
    {
      "type": "fixvec",
      "name": "Bytes",
      "item": "byte"
    },
    {
      "type": "dynvec",
      "name": "BytesVec",
      "item": "Bytes"
    },
    {
      "type": "option",
      "name": "ByteOpt",
      "item": "byte"
    },
    {
      "type": "table",
      "name": "Table1",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "f1",
          "type": "Bytes"
        },
        {
          "name": "f2",
          "type": "byte"
        },
        {
          "name": "f3",
          "type": "ByteOpt"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "union",
      "name": "UnionA",
      "items": ["Bytes", "Struct1", "byte", "Table1"]
    },
    {
      "type": "array",
      "name": "Word",
      "item": "byte",
      "item_count": 2,
      "imported_depth": 1
    },
    {
      "type": "struct",
      "name": "Struct1",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "f1",
          "type": "Word"
        },
        {
          "name": "f2",
          "type": "byte"
        }
      ],
      "imported_depth": 1
    }
  ]
}

molecule serialization javascript

@infinitebrahmanuniverse/nolb-mol @everything-registry/sub-chunk-2194 sudt-cli @zalastax/nolb-mol

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