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the general increase of pfrg/pre-i neuron excitability may have been due to a direct action of locomotor network activation on the parafacial respiratory network. to address this issue, we performed dual-patch recordings from pre-bötzinger complex (pre-bötc) and pfrg/pre-i neurons in brainstem-spinal cord preparations (adapted from [36]). under control conditions, the firing of phrenic motoneurons was slightly accelerated during the period of spontaneous activity recorded in pre-bötc (n=6 preparations; [fig. 7d](#f7)ref-type="fig"). simultaneous whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from the pre-bötc and pfrg/pre-i neurons showed that in some pre-bötc neurons (n=3 cells) the membrane potential of the pre-bötc neurons was transiently hyperpolarized during the pre-inspiratory period of pfrg/pre-i neurons (n=3 cells; fig. 7e1, right trace). the amplitude of the hyperpolarization was correlated with the number of pfrg/pre-i neuron pre-inspiratory spikes (fig. 7e2). in the three pre-bötc neurons exhibiting this type of depolarization, the hyperpolarization was reversed during the post-inspiratory period of pfrg/pre-i neurons (fig. 7e3). in contrast, in the other five pre-bötc neurons (n=4 cells), pfrg/pre-i neuron activity did not modify the membrane potential of pre-bötc neurons (fig. 7e1, left trace), indicating that pre-bötc neuron modulation was restricted to a small group of pre-bötc neurons (fig. 7f1). the amplitude of the hyperpolarization and the number of pfrg/pre-i neuron pre-inspiratory spikes (fig. 7f2) in the three pre-bötc neurons exhibiting hyperpolarization were positively correlated (n=3 neurons; fig. 7f). in the three pre-bötc neurons exhibiting hyperpolarization, during the period of spontaneous activity recorded in the pfrg/pre-i neurons (fig. 7f1), the membrane potential of the pre-bötc neurons was transiently hyperpolarized (fig. 7f2). 84d34552a1