Zorro-unified NPM

unified is an interface for processing text using syntax trees. It’s what powers remark, retext, and rehype, but it also allows for processing between multiple syntaxes.

The website for unified, unifiedjs.github.io, provides a less technical and more practical introduction to unified. Make sure to visit it and try its introductory Guides.

Installation

npm:

npm install unified

Usage

var unified = require('unified')
var markdown = require('remark-parse')
var remark2rehype = require('remark-rehype')
var doc = require('rehype-document')
var format = require('rehype-format')
var html = require('rehype-stringify')
var report = require('vfile-reporter')

unified()
  .use(markdown)
  .use(remark2rehype)
  .use(doc)
  .use(format)
  .use(html)
  .process('# Hello world!', function(err, file) {
    console.error(report(err || file))
    console.log(String(file))
  })

Yields:

no issues found
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello world!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

Description

unified is an interface for processing text using syntax trees. Syntax trees are a representation understandable to programs. Those programs, called plugins, take these trees and modify them, amongst other things. To get to the syntax tree from input text there’s a parser. To get from that back to text there’s a compiler. This is the process of a processor.

| ....................... process() ......................... |
| ......... parse() ..... | run() | ..... stringify() ....... |

          +--------+                     +----------+
Input ->- | Parser | ->- Syntax Tree ->- | Compiler | ->- Output
          +--------+          |          +----------+
                              X
                              |
                       +--------------+
                       | Transformers |
                       +--------------+

Processors

Every processor implements another processor. To create a new processor invoke another processor. This creates a processor that is configured to function the same as its ancestor. But when the descendant processor is configured in the future it does not affect the ancestral processor.

When processors are exposed from a module (for example, unified itself) they should not be configured directly, as that would change their behaviour for all module users. Those processors are frozen and they should be invoked to create a new processor before they are used.

Node

The syntax trees used in unified are Unist nodes: plain JavaScript objects with a type property. The semantics of those types are defined by other projects.

There are several utilities for working with these nodes.

List of Processors

The following projects process different syntax trees. They parse text to their respective syntax tree and they compile their syntax trees back to text. These processors can be used as-is, or their parsers and compilers can be mixed and matched with unified and other plugins to process between different syntaxes.

rehype (HAST) — HTML
remark (MDAST) — Markdown
retext (NLCST) — Natural language

List of Plugins

The below plugins work with unified, unrelated to what flavour the syntax tree is in:

unified-diff — Ignore messages for unchanged lines in Travis

See remark, rehype, and retext for lists of their plugins.

File

When processing documents metadata is often gathered about that document. VFile is a virtual file format which stores data and handles metadata and messages for unified and its plugins.

There are several utilities for working with these files.

Configuration

To configure a processor invoke its use method, supply it a plugin, and optionally settings.

Integrations

unified can integrate with the file-system through unified-engine. On top of that, CLI apps can be created with unified-args, Gulp plugins with unified-engine-gulp, and Atom Linters with unified-engine-atom.

A streaming interface is provided through unified-stream.

Programming interface

The API gives access to processing metadata (such as lint messages) and supports multiple passed through files:

var unified = require('unified')
var markdown = require('remark-parse')
var styleGuide = require('remark-preset-lint-markdown-style-guide')
var remark2retext = require('remark-retext')
var english = require('retext-english')
var equality = require('retext-equality')
var remark2rehype = require('remark-rehype')
var html = require('rehype-stringify')
var report = require('vfile-reporter')

unified()
  .use(markdown)
  .use(styleGuide)
  .use(
    remark2retext,
    unified()
      .use(english)
      .use(equality)
  )
  .use(remark2rehype)
  .use(html)
  .process('*Emphasis* and _importance_, you guys!', function(err, file) {
    console.error(report(err || file))
    console.log(String(file))
  })

Yields:

  1:16-1:28  warning  Emphasis should use `*` as a marker                                  emphasis-marker  remark-lint
  1:34-1:38  warning  `guys` may be insensitive, use `people`, `persons`, `folks` instead  gals-men         retext-equality

⚠ 2 warnings
<p><em>Emphasis</em> and <em>importance</em>, you guys!</p>

Processing between syntaxes

The processors can be combined in two modes.

Bridge mode transforms the syntax tree from one flavour (the origin) to another (the destination). Then, transformations are applied on that tree. Finally, the origin processor continues transforming the original syntax tree.

Mutate mode also transforms the syntax tree from one flavour to another. But then the origin processor continues transforming the destination syntax tree.

In the previous example (“Programming interface”), remark-retext is used in bridge mode: the origin syntax tree is kept after retext is done; whereas remark-rehype is used in mutate mode: it sets a new syntax tree and discards the original.

API

`processor()`

Object describing how to process text.

Returns

Function — New unfrozen processor which is configured to function the same as its ancestor. But when the descendant processor is configured in the future it does not affect the ancestral processor.

Example

The following example shows how a new processor can be created (from the remark processor) and linked to stdin(4) and stdout(4).

var remark = require('remark')
var concat = require('concat-stream')

process.stdin.pipe(concat(onconcat))

function onconcat(buf) {
  var doc = remark()
    .processSync(buf)
    .toString()

  process.stdout.write(doc)
}

`processor.use(plugin[, options])`

Configure the processor to use a plugin and optionally configure that plugin with options.

Signatures

processor.use(plugin[, options])
processor.use(preset)
processor.use(list)

Parameters

plugin (Plugin)
options (*, optional) — Configuration for plugin
preset (Object) — Object with an optional plugins (set to list), and/or an optional settings object
list (Array) — List of plugins, presets, and pairs (plugin and options in an array)

Returns

processor — The processor on which use is invoked.

Note

use cannot be called on frozen processors. Invoke the processor first to create a new unfrozen processor.

Example

There are many ways to pass plugins to .use(). The below example gives an overview.

var unified = require('unified')

unified()
  // Plugin with options:
  .use(plugin, {})
  // Plugins:
  .use([plugin, pluginB])
  // Two plugins, the second with options:
  .use([plugin, [pluginB, {}]])
  // Preset with plugins and settings:
  .use({plugins: [plugin, [pluginB, {}]], settings: {position: false}})
  // Settings only:
  .use({settings: {position: false}})

function plugin() {}
function pluginB() {}

`processor.parse(file|value)`

Parse text to a syntax tree.

Parameters

file (VFile) — Or anything which can be given to vfile()

Returns

Node — Syntax tree representation of input.

Note

parse freezes the processor if not already frozen.

`processor.Parser`

Function handling the parsing of text to a syntax tree. Used in the parse phase in the process and invoked with a string and VFile representation of the document to parse.

Parser can be a normal function in which case it must return a Node: the syntax tree representation of the given file.

Parser can also be a constructor function (a function with keys in its prototype) in which case it’s invoked with new. Instances must have a parse method which is invoked without arguments and must return a Node.

`processor.stringify(node[, file])`

Compile a syntax tree to text.

Parameters

node (Node)
file (VFile, optional); — Or anything which can be given to vfile()

Returns

string — String representation of the syntax tree file.

Note

stringify freezes the processor if not already frozen.

`processor.Compiler`

Function handling the compilation of syntax tree to a text. Used in the stringify phase in the process and invoked with a Node and VFile representation of the document to stringify.

Compiler can be a normal function in which case it must return a string: the text representation of the given syntax tree.

Compiler can also be a constructor function (a function with keys in its prototype) in which case it’s invoked with new. Instances must have a compile method which is invoked without arguments and must return a string.

`processor.run(node[, file][, done])`

Transform a syntax tree by applying plugins to it.

Parameters

node (Node)
file (VFile, optional) — Or anything which can be given to vfile()
done (Function, optional)

Returns

Promise if done is not given. Rejected with an error, or resolved with the resulting syntax tree.

Note

run freezes the processor if not already frozen.

`function done(err[, node, file])`

Invoked when transformation is complete. Either invoked with an error or a syntax tree and a file.

Parameters

err (Error) — Fatal error
node (Node)
file (VFile)

`processor.runSync(node[, file])`

Transform a syntax tree by applying plugins to it.

If asynchronous plugins are configured an error is thrown.

Parameters

node (Node)
file (VFile, optional) — Or anything which can be given to vfile()

Returns

Node — The given syntax tree.

Note

runSync freezes the processor if not already frozen.

`processor.process(file|value[, done])`

Process the given representation of a file as configured on the processor. The process invokes parse, run, and stringify internally.

Parameters

file (VFile)
value (string) — String representation of a file
done (Function, optional)

Returns

Promise if done is not given. Rejected with an error or resolved with the resulting file.

Note

process freezes the processor if not already frozen.

`function done(err, file)`

Invoked when the process is complete. Invoked with a fatal error, if any, and the VFile.

Parameters

err (Error, optional) — Fatal error
file (VFile)

Example

var unified = require('unified')
var markdown = require('remark-parse')
var remark2rehype = require('remark-rehype')
var doc = require('rehype-document')
var format = require('rehype-format')
var html = require('rehype-stringify')

unified()
  .use(markdown)
  .use(remark2rehype)
  .use(doc)
  .use(format)
  .use(html)
  .process('# Hello world!')
  .then(
    function(file) {
      console.log(String(file))
    },
    function(err) {
      console.error(String(err))
    }
  )

Yields:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello world!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

`processor.processSync(file|value)`

Process the given representation of a file as configured on the processor. The process invokes parse, run, and stringify internally.

If asynchronous plugins are configured an error is thrown.

Parameters

file (VFile)
value (string) — String representation of a file

Returns

VFile — Virtual file with modified contents.

Note

processSync freezes the processor if not already frozen.

Example

var unified = require('unified')
var markdown = require('remark-parse')
var remark2rehype = require('remark-rehype')
var doc = require('rehype-document')
var format = require('rehype-format')
var html = require('rehype-stringify')

var processor = unified()
  .use(markdown)
  .use(remark2rehype)
  .use(doc)
  .use(format)
  .use(html)

console.log(processor.processSync('# Hello world!').toString())

Yields:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello world!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

`processor.data(key[, value])`

Get or set information in an in-memory key-value store accessible to all phases of the process. An example is a list of HTML elements which are self-closing, which is needed when parsing, transforming, and compiling HTML.

Parameters

key (string) — Identifier
value (*, optional) — Value to set. Omit if getting key

Returns

processor — If setting, the processor on which data is invoked
* — If getting, the value at key

Note

Setting information with data cannot occur on frozen processors. Invoke the processor first to create a new unfrozen processor.

Example

The following example show how to get and set information:

var unified = require('unified')

console.log(
  unified()
    .data('alpha', 'bravo')
    .data('alpha')
)

Yields:

bravo

`processor.freeze()`

Freeze a processor. Frozen processors are meant to be extended and not to be configured or processed directly.

Once a processor is frozen it cannot be unfrozen. New processors functioning just like it can be created by invoking the processor.

It’s possible to freeze processors explicitly, by calling .freeze(), but .parse(), .run(), .stringify(), and .process() call .freeze() to freeze a processor too.

Returns

Processor — The processor on which freeze is invoked.

Example

The following example, index.js, shows how rehype prevents extensions to itself:

var unified = require('unified')
var parse = require('rehype-parse')
var stringify = require('rehype-stringify')

module.exports = unified()
  .use(parse)
  .use(stringify)
  .freeze()

The below example, a.js, shows how that processor can be used and configured.

var rehype = require('rehype')
var format = require('rehype-format')
// ...

rehype()
  .use(format)
  // ...

The below example, b.js, shows a similar looking example which operates on the frozen rehype interface. If this behaviour was allowed it would result in unexpected behaviour so an error is thrown. This is invalid:

var rehype = require('rehype')
var format = require('rehype-format')
// ...

rehype
  .use(format)
  // ...

Yields:

~/node_modules/unified/index.js:440
    throw new Error(
    ^

Error: Cannot invoke `use` on a frozen processor.
Create a new processor first, by invoking it: use `processor()` instead of `processor`.
    at assertUnfrozen (~/node_modules/unified/index.js:440:11)
    at Function.use (~/node_modules/unified/index.js:172:5)
    at Object.<anonymous> (~/b.js:6:4)

`Plugin`

unified plugins change the way the applied-on processor works in the following ways:

They modify the processor: such as changing the parser, the compiler, or linking it to other processors
They transform syntax tree representation of files
They modify metadata of files

Plugins are a concept. They materialise as attachers.

Example

move.js:

module.exports = move

function move(options) {
  var expected = (options || {}).extname

  if (!expected) {
    throw new Error('Missing `extname` in options')
  }

  return transformer

  function transformer(tree, file) {
    if (file.extname && file.extname !== expected) {
      file.extname = expected
    }
  }
}

index.js:

var unified = require('unified')
var parse = require('remark-parse')
var remark2rehype = require('remark-rehype')
var stringify = require('rehype-stringify')
var vfile = require('to-vfile')
var report = require('vfile-reporter')
var move = require('./move')

unified()
  .use(parse)
  .use(remark2rehype)
  .use(move, {extname: '.html'})
  .use(stringify)
  .process(vfile.readSync('index.md'), function(err, file) {
    console.error(report(err || file))
    if (file) {
      vfile.writeSync(file) // Written to `index.html`.
    }
  })

`function attacher([options])`

An attacher is the thing passed to use. It configures the processor and in turn can receive options.

Attachers can configure processors, such as by interacting with parsers and compilers, linking them to other processors, or by specifying how the syntax tree is handled.

Context

The context object is set to the invoked on processor.

Parameters

options (*, optional) — Configuration

Returns

transformer — Optional.

Note

Attachers are invoked when the processor is frozen: either when .freeze() is called explicitly, or when .parse(), .run(), .stringify(), or .process() is called for the first time.

`function transformer(node, file[, next])`

Transformers modify the syntax tree or metadata of a file. A transformer is a function which is invoked each time a file is passed through the transform phase. If an error occurs (either because it’s thrown, returned, rejected, or passed to next), the process stops.

The transformation process in unified is handled by trough, see it’s documentation for the exact semantics of transformers.

Parameters

node (Node)
file (VFile)
next (Function, optional)

Returns

Error — Can be returned to stop the process
Node — Can be returned and results in further transformations and stringifys to be performed on the new tree
Promise — If a promise is returned, the function is asynchronous, and must be resolved (optionally with a Node) or rejected (optionally with an Error)

`function next(err[, tree[, file]])`

If the signature of a transformer includes next (third argument), the function may finish asynchronous, and must invoke next().

Parameters

err (Error, optional) — Stop the process
node (Node, optional) — New syntax tree
file (VFile, optional) — New virtual file

`Preset`

Presets provide a potentially sharable way to configure processors. They can contain multiple plugins and optionally settings as well.

Example

preset.js:

exports.settings = {bullet: '*', fences: true}

exports.plugins = [
  require('remark-preset-lint-recommended'),
  require('remark-comment-config'),
  require('remark-preset-lint-markdown-style-guide'),
  [require('remark-toc'), {maxDepth: 3, tight: true}],
  require('remark-github')
]

index.js:

var remark = require('remark')
var vfile = require('to-vfile')
var report = require('vfile-reporter')
var preset = require('./preset')

remark()
  .use(preset)
  .process(vfile.readSync('index.md'), function(err, file) {
    console.error(report(err || file))

    if (file) {
      vfile.writeSync(file)
    }
  })

Contribute

unified is built by people just like you! Check out contributing.md for ways to get started.

This project has a Code of Conduct. By interacting with this repository, organisation, or community you agree to abide by its terms.

Want to chat with the community and contributors? Join us in Gitter!

Have an idea for a cool new utility or tool? That’s great! If you want feedback, help, or just to share it with the world you can do so by creating an issue in the unifiedjs/ideas repository!

Acknowledgments

Preliminary work for unified was done in 2014 for retext and inspired by ware. Further incubation happened in remark. The project was finally externalised in 2015 and published as unified. The project was authored by @wooorm.

Although unified since moved it’s plugin architecture to trough, thanks to @calvinfo, @ianstormtaylor, and others for their work on ware, which was a huge initial inspiration.

License

process parse transform compile stringify rehype retext remark

bail extend is-plain-obj trough vfile x-is-string

@everything-registry/sub-chunk-3239 zorro-remark

6.2.0

5 years ago

Installation

Usage

Table of Contents

Description

Processors

Node

List of Processors

List of Plugins

File

Configuration

Integrations

Programming interface

Processing between syntaxes

API

processor()

Returns

Example

processor.use(plugin[, options])

Signatures

Parameters

Returns

Note

Example

processor.parse(file|value)

Parameters

Returns

Note

processor.Parser

processor.stringify(node[, file])

Parameters

Returns

Note

processor.Compiler

processor.run(node[, file][, done])

Parameters

Returns

Note

function done(err[, node, file])

Parameters

processor.runSync(node[, file])

Parameters

Returns

Note

processor.process(file|value[, done])

Parameters

Returns

Note

function done(err, file)

Parameters

Example

processor.processSync(file|value)

Parameters

Returns

Note

Example

processor.data(key[, value])

Parameters

Returns

Note

Example

processor.freeze()

Returns

Example

Plugin

Example

function attacher([options])

Context

Parameters

Returns

Note

function transformer(node, file[, next])

Parameters

Returns

function next(err[, tree[, file]])

Parameters

Preset

Example

Contribute

Acknowledgments

License

`processor()`

`processor.use(plugin[, options])`

`processor.parse(file|value)`

`processor.Parser`

`processor.stringify(node[, file])`

`processor.Compiler`

`processor.run(node[, file][, done])`

`function done(err[, node, file])`

`processor.runSync(node[, file])`

`processor.process(file|value[, done])`

`function done(err, file)`

`processor.processSync(file|value)`

`processor.data(key[, value])`

`processor.freeze()`

`Plugin`

`function attacher([options])`

`function transformer(node, file[, next])`

`function next(err[, tree[, file]])`

`Preset`