Mikro-orm NPM | npm.io

mikro-orm

Simple typescript mongo ORM for node.js based on data-mapper, unit-of-work and identity-map patterns.

Heavily inspired by doctrine.

Installation & Usage

Fist install the module via yarn or npm:

$ yarn add mikro-orm

$ npm i -s mikro-orm

Then call MikroORM.init as part of bootstrapping your app:

const orm = await MikroORM.init({
  entitiesDirs: ['entities'], // relative to `baseDir`
  dbName: 'my-db-name',
  clientUrl: '...', // defaults to 'mongodb://localhost:27017' 
  baseDir: __dirname, // defaults to `process.cwd()`
});
console.log(orm.em); // EntityManager

And do not forget to clear entity manager before each request if you do not want to store all loaded entities in memory:

const app = express();

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  orm.em.clear();
  next();
});

Now you can define your entities (in one of the entitiesDirs folders):

Defining entity

@Entity({ collection: 'books-table' })
export class Book extends BaseEntity {

  @Property()
  title: string;

  @ManyToOne({ entity: () => Author.name })
  author: Author;

  @ManyToOne({ entity: () => Publisher.name })
  publisher: Publisher;

  constructor(title: string, author: Author) {
    super();
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
  }

}

With your entities set up, you can start using entity manager and repositories as described in following section. For more examples, take a look at tests/EntityManager.test.ts.

Persisting and cascading

To save entity state to database, you need to persist it. Persist takes care or deciding whether to use insert or update and computes appropriate change-set. Entity references that are not persisted yet (does not have identifier) will be cascade persisted automatically.

// use constructors in your entities for required parameters
const author = new Author('Jon Snow', 'snow@wall.st');
author.born = new Date();

const publisher = new Publisher('7K publisher');

const book1 = new Book('My Life on The Wall, part 1', author);
book1.publisher = publisher;
const book2 = new Book('My Life on The Wall, part 2', author);
book2.publisher = publisher;
const book3 = new Book('My Life on The Wall, part 3', author);
book3.publisher = publisher;

// just persist books, author and publisher will be automatically cascade persisted
await orm.em.persist([book1, book2, book3]);

// or one by one
await orm.em.persist(book1, false);
await orm.em.persist(book2, false);
await orm.em.persist(book3); // flush everything to database at once

Fetching entities with `EntityManager`

To fetch entities from database you can use find() and findOne() of EntityManager:

API:

EntityManager.getCollection(entityName: string): Collection; // returns mongodb Collection for given entity
EntityManager.getRepository<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string): EntityRepository<T>;
EntityManager.find<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, where?: FilterQuery<T>, populate?: string[], orderBy?: { [k: string]: 1 | -1; }, limit?: number, offset?: number): Promise<T[]>;
EntityManager.findOne<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, where: FilterQuery<T> | string, populate?: string[]): Promise<T>;
EntityManager.merge<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, data: any): T;
EntityManager.getReference<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, id: string): T;
EntityManager.remove(entityName: string, where: BaseEntity | any): Promise<number>;
EntityManager.removeEntity(entity: BaseEntity): Promise<number>;
EntityManager.count(entityName: string, where: any): Promise<number>;
EntityManager.persist(entity: BaseEntity | BaseEntity[], flush?: boolean): Promise<void>;
EntityManager.flush(): Promise<void>;
EntityManager.clear(): void;
EntityManager.canPopulate(entityName: string, property: string): boolean;

Example:

const author = orm.em.findOne(Author.name, '...id...');
const books = orm.em.find(Book.name, {});

for (const author of authors) {
  console.log(author.name); // Jon Snow

  for (const book of author.books) {
    console.log(book.title); // initialized
    console.log(book.author.isInitialized()); // true
    console.log(book.author.id);
    console.log(book.author.name); // Jon Snow
    console.log(book.publisher); // just reference
    console.log(book.publisher.isInitialized()); // false
    console.log(book.publisher.id);
    console.log(book.publisher.name); // undefined
  }
}

Using `EntityRepository` instead of `EntityManager`

More convenient way of fetching entities from database is by using EntityRepository, that carries the entity name so you do not have to pass it to every find and findOne calls:

API:

EntityRepository.persist(entity: BaseEntity, flush?: boolean): Promise<void>;
EntityRepository.findOne(where: FilterQuery<BaseEntity> | string, populate?: string[]): Promise<BaseEntity>;
EntityRepository.find(where: FilterQuery<BaseEntity>, populate?: string[], orderBy?: { [k: string]: 1 | -1; }, limit?: number, offset?: number): Promise<BaseEntity[]>;
EntityRepository.findAll(populate?: string[], orderBy?: { [k: string]: 1 | -1; }, limit?: number, offset?: number): Promise<BaseEntity[]>;
EntityRepository.remove(where: BaseEntity | any): Promise<number>;
EntityRepository.flush(): Promise<void>;
EntityRepository.canPopulate(property: string): boolean;
EntityRepository.count(where?: any): Promise<number>;

Example:

const booksRepository = orm.em.getRepository<Book>(Book.name);

// with sorting, limit and offset parameters, populating author references
const books = await booksRepository.find({ author: '...' }, ['author'], { title: -1 }, 2, 1);
console.log(books); // Book[]

Custom repository

To use custom repository, just extend EntityRepository<T> class:

export class CustomAuthorRepository extends EntityRepository<Author> {

  // your custom methods...
  public findAndUpdate(...) {
    // ...
  }

}

And register your repository as @Entity decorator:

@Entity({ customRepository: () => CustomAuthorRepository })
export class Publisher extends BaseEntity {
  // ...
}

Note that we need to pass that repository reference inside a callback so we will not run into circular dependency issues when using entity references inside that repository.

Now you can access your custom repository via EntityManager.getRepository() method.

Core features

Identity Map

MikroORM uses identity map in background so you will always get the same instance of one entity.

const authorRepository = orm.em.getRepository<Author>(Author.name);
const jon = await authorRepository.findOne({ name: 'Jon Snow' }, ['books']);
const authors = await authorRepository.findAll(['books']);

// identity map in action
console.log(jon === authors[0]); // true

If you want to clear this identity map cache, you can do so via EntityManager.clear() method:

orm.em.clear();

Entity references

Every single entity relation is mapped to an entity reference. Reference is an entity that has only its identifier. This reference is stored in identity map so you will get the same object reference when fetching the same document from database.

You can call await entity.init() to initialize the entity. This will trigger database call and populate itself, keeping the same reference in identity map.

const author = await orm.em.getReference('...id...');
console.log(author.id); // accessing the id will not trigger any db call
console.log(author.isInitialized()); // false
console.log(author.name); // undefined

await author.init(); // this will trigger db call
console.log(author.isInitialized()); // true
console.log(author.name); // defined

Using entity constructors

Internally, MikroORM never calls entity constructor, so you are free to use it as you wish. The constructor will be called only when you instantiate the class yourself via new operator, so it is a handy place to require your data when creating new entity.

For example following Book entity definition will always require to set title and author, but publisher will be optional:

@Entity()
export class Book extends BaseEntity {

  @Property()
  title: string;

  @ManyToOne({ entity: () => Author.name })
  author: Author;

  @ManyToOne({ entity: () => Publisher.name })
  publisher: Publisher;

  @ManyToMany({ entity: () => BookTag.name, inversedBy: 'books' })
  tags: Collection<BookTag>;

  constructor(title: string, author: Author) {
    super();
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
  }

}

`ObjectID` and `string` duality

Every entity has both ObjectID and string id available, also all methods of EntityManager and EntityRepository supports querying by both of them.

const author = await orm.em.getReference('...id...');
console.log(author.id);  // returns '...id...'
console.log(author._id); // returns ObjectID('...id...')

// all of those will return the same results
const article = '...article id...'; // string id
const book = '...book id...'; // string id
const repo = orm.em.getRepository<Author>(Author.name);
const foo1 = await repo.find({ id: { $in: [article] }, favouriteBook: book });
const bar1 = await repo.find({ id: { $in: [new ObjectID(article)] }, favouriteBook: new ObjectID(book) });
const foo2 = await repo.find({ _id: { $in: [article] }, favouriteBook: book });
const bar2 = await repo.find({ _id: { $in: [new ObjectID(article)] }, favouriteBook: new ObjectID(book) });

Collections

OneToMany and ManyToMany collections are stored in a Collection wrapper. It implements iterator so you can use for of loop to iterate through it.

const author = orm.em.findOne(Author.name, '...', ['books']); // populating books collection

// or we could lazy load books collection later via `init()` method
await author.books.init();

for (const book of author.books) {
  console.log(book.title); // initialized
  console.log(book.author.isInitialized()); // true
  console.log(book.author.id);
  console.log(book.author.name); // Jon Snow
  console.log(book.publisher); // just reference
  console.log(book.publisher.isInitialized()); // false
  console.log(book.publisher.id);
  console.log(book.publisher.name); // undefined
}

// collection needs to be initialized before you can work with it
author.books.add(book);
console.log(author.books.contains(book)); // true
author.books.remove(book);
console.log(author.books.contains(book)); // false
author.books.add(book);
console.log(author.books.count()); // 1
author.books.removeAll();
console.log(author.books.contains(book)); // false
console.log(author.books.count()); // 0
console.log(author.books.getItems()); // 0
console.log(author.books.getIdentifiers()); // array of ObjectID
console.log(author.books.getIdentifiers('id')); // array of string

`OneToMany` collections

OneToMany collections are inverse side of ManyToOne references, to which they need to point via fk attribute:

@Entity()
export class Book extends BaseEntity {

  @ManyToOne({ entity: () => Author.name })
  author: Author;

}

@Entity()
export class BookTag extends BaseEntity {

  @OneToMany({ entity: () => Book.name, fk: 'author' })
  books: Collection<Book>;

}

`ManyToMany` collections

As opposed to SQL databases, with MongoDB we do not need to have join tables for ManyToMany relations. All references are stored as an array of ObjectIDs on owning entity.

Unidirectional

Unidirectional ManyToMany relations are defined only on one side, and marked explicitly as owner:

@ManyToMany({ entity: () => Book.name, owner: true })
books: Collection<Book>;

Bidirectional

Bidirectional ManyToMany relations are defined on both sides, while one is owning side (where references are store), marked by inversedBy attribute pointing to the inverse side:

@ManyToMany({ entity: () => BookTag.name, inversedBy: 'books' })
tags: Collection<BookTag>;

And on the inversed side we define it with mappedBy attribute poining back to the owner:

@ManyToMany({ entity: () => Book.name, mappedBy: 'tags' })
books: Collection<Book>;

Updating entity values with `BaseEntity.assign()`

When you want to update entity based on user input, you will usually have just plain string ids of entity relations as user input. Normally you would need to use EntityManager.getReference() to create references from each id first, and then use those references to update entity relations:

const jon = new Author('Jon Snow', 'snow@wall.st');
const book = new Book('Book', jon);
book.author = orm.em.getReference<Author>(Author.name, '...id...');

Same result can be easily achieved with BaseEntity.assign():

book.assign({ 
  title: 'Better Book 1', 
  author: '...id...',
});
console.log(book.title); // 'Better Book 1'
console.log(book.author); // instance of Author with id: '...id...'
console.log(book.author.id); // '...id...'

Native collection methods

Sometimes you need to perform some bulk operation, or you just want to populate your database with initial fixtures. Using ORM for such operations can bring unnecessary boilerplate code. In this case, you can use one of nativeInsert/nativeUpdate/nativeDelete methods:

EntityManager.nativeInsert<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, data: any): Promise<InsertOneWriteOpResult>;
EntityManager.nativeUpdate<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, where: FilterQuery<T>, data: any): Promise<UpdateWriteOpResult>;
EntityManager.nativeDelete<T extends BaseEntity>(entityName: string, where: FilterQuery<T> | any): Promise<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>;

Those methods execute insertOne/updateMany/deleteMany/aggregate collection methods respectively. Keep in mind that they do not hydrate results to entities, and they do not trigger lifecycle hooks.

They are also available as EntityRepository shortcuts:

EntityRepository.nativeInsert(data: any): Promise<InsertOneWriteOpResult>;
EntityRepository.nativeUpdate(where: FilterQuery<T>, data: any): Promise<UpdateWriteOpResult>;
EntityRepository.nativeDelete(where: FilterQuery<T> | any): Promise<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>;

There is also shortcut for calling aggregate method:

EntityManager.aggregate(entityName: string, pipeline: any[]): Promise<any[]>;
EntityRepository.aggregate(pipeline: any[]): Promise<any[]>;

TODO

cascade persist in collections
cascade remove references on other entities when deleting entity (e.g. from M:N collection)

TODO docs

lifecycle hooks
property type validation

orm mongo mongodb mysql mariadb postgresql sqlite sqlite3 ts typescript js javascript entity ddd mikro-orm unit-of-work data-mapper identity-map

@mikro-orm/core @infinitebrahmanuniverse/nolb-mik @everything-registry/sub-chunk-2169 mikro-orm-mssql mazhengdev-test @madlan145/mikroorm-core @mediatr/example @revodigital/mikro-orm-core @zalastax/nolb-mik curli-mikro-orm-module

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mikro-orm

Installation & Usage

Defining entity

Persisting and cascading

Fetching entities with EntityManager

Using EntityRepository instead of EntityManager

Custom repository

Core features

Identity Map

Entity references

Using entity constructors

ObjectID and string duality

Collections

OneToMany collections

ManyToMany collections

Unidirectional

Bidirectional

Updating entity values with BaseEntity.assign()

Native collection methods

TODO

TODO docs

Fetching entities with `EntityManager`

Using `EntityRepository` instead of `EntityManager`

`ObjectID` and `string` duality

`OneToMany` collections

`ManyToMany` collections

Updating entity values with `BaseEntity.assign()`