shall v0.2.8
Contents
shall — introduction
shall
is a Unix CLI and REPL for invoking shell scripts or commands with
multiple POSIX-like shells for portability testing.
shall
(for shell with all (POSIX-like) shells) offers a
convenient way of running a given shell script or shell command with a default
set or specifiable set of POSIX-like shells, so as to facilitate testing of
portable (POSIX-compliant, cross-shell) shell code.
By default, the following shells are targeted, if installed: sh, dash, bash, zsh, ksh
Additionally, you can use shall
:
- as a REPL, with
-i
. - in a script's shebang line.
Each shell's execution is automatically timed to allow performance comparisons.
The syntax is modeled on that of the underlying shells.
See the examples below, concise usage information further below, or read the manual.
Examples
# Echo the name of each executing shell; sample output included.
$ shall -c 'echo "Hello from $0."'
# Pass a script to all shells via stdin, plus an argument on the command line.
echo 'echo "Passed to $0: $1"' | shall -s one
# Execute script 'foo-script' with argument 'bar' in all shells.
shall foo-script bar
# Print the type of the 'which' command in Bash and Zsh.
shall -w bash,zsh -c 'type which'
# Enter a REPL that evaluates commands in both Bash and Dash.
SHELLS=bash,dash shall -i
Installation
Supported platforms
- When installing from the npm registry: all Unix-like platforms supported by Node.js with Bash installed.
- When installing manually: any Unix-like platform with Bash installed.
Installation from the npm registry
Note: Even if you don't use Node.js, its package manager, npm
, works across platforms and is easy to install; try curl -L http://git.io/n-install | bash
With Node.js or io.js installed, install the package as follows:
[sudo] npm install shall -g
Note:
- Whether you need
sudo
depends on how you installed Node.js / io.js and whether you've changed permissions later; if you get anEACCES
error, try again withsudo
. - The
-g
ensures global installation and is needed to putshall
in your system's$PATH
.
Manual installation
- Download the CLI as
shall
. - Make it executable with
chmod +x shall
. - Move it or symlink it to a folder in your
$PATH
, such as/usr/local/bin
(OSX) or/usr/bin
(Linux).
Usage
Find concise usage information below; for complete documentation, read the manual online, or, once installed, run man shall
(shall --man
if installed manually).
$ shall --help
Cross-POSIX-compatible-shell testing:
Run a script file:
shall [-w <shellA>,...] [-q|-Q] [-p <opts>] <script> [<arg>...]
Execute a command string:
shall [-w <shellA>,...] [-q|-Q] [-p <opts>] -c <cmd> [<arg0> <arg>...]
Execute commands specified via stdin:
shall [-w <shellA>,...] [-q|-Q] [-p <opts>] [-s <arg>...]
Start a REPL (run commands interactively):
shall [-w <shellA>,...] -i
Default shells targeted are sh, and, if installed, dash, bash, zsh, ksh.
Override with -w or environment variable SHELLS, using a comma-separated
list without spaces; e.g., -w bash,ksh,zsh or SHELLS=bash,ksh,zsh.
-q, -Q quiets stdout, stdout + stderr from the script / commands invoked.
-p passes options through to the target shells.
Standard options: --help, --man, --version, --home
License
Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Michael Klement, released under the MIT license.
Acknowledgements
This project gratefully depends on the following open-source components, according to the terms of their respective licenses.
npm dependencies below have optional suffixes denoting the type of dependency; the absence of a suffix denotes a required run-time dependency: (D)
denotes a development-time-only dependency, (O)
an optional dependency, and (P)
a peer dependency.
npm dependencies
Changelog
Versioning complies with semantic versioning (semver).
v0.2.8 (2015-10-23):
v0.2.7 (2015-09-20):
v0.2.6 (2015-09-19):
- doc
shall
now has a man page (if manually installed, useshall --man
);shall -h
now just prints concise usage information.
- doc
v0.2.5 (2015-09-15):
- dev Makefile improvements; various other behind-the-scenes tweaks.
v0.2.4 (2015-07-08):
v0.2.3 (2015-06-26):
- doc Read-me: npm badge changed to shields.io; license badge added; typo fixed.
- dev To-do added; Makefile updated.
v0.2.2 (2015-05-31):
- doc(https://badge.fury.io) added
v0.2.1 (2015-05-27):
v0.2.0 (2015-05-24):
- new New -p option allows passing additional options through to the shells invoked; e.g.: -p '-e'
- deprecated -l option for specifying shells to target renamed to -w to avoid confusion with shells' native -l version (login shells); -l will continue to work.
- robustness Exit codes relating to shall's own failures changed to: 126 (incorrect arguments) and 127 (unexpected failure), chosen so as to avoid clashes with exit codes produced during normal operation and termination by signal.
v0.1.7 (2015-02-11):
- doc improved description in package.json
v0.1.6 (2015-02-11):
- fix When using the default target shells, only those actually installed should be targeted.
v0.1.5 (2015-02-11):
v0.1.4 (2015-02-11):
v0.1.3 (2015-01-28):
v0.1.2 (2015-01-27):
v0.1.1 (2014-12-23):
- doc read-me and CLI help fixes
v0.1.0 (2014-12-23):
- Initial release
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